Resolution of the Expert council “Magnesium deficiency”


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2024.1.149-158

Martynov A.I., Baranov I.I., Orlova S.V., Akarachkova E.S., Gromova O.A., Malyavin A.G., Nechaeva G.I., Nikolaev N.A., Viktorova I.A., Druk I.V., Loginova E.N., Nadey E.V.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE EXPERT COUNCIL:
MARTYNOV A.I., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, academician of RAS, professor of the Department of hospital therapy No. 1 of the Faculty of general medicine of Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow
BARANOV I.I., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of scientific and educational programs of the Department of scientific activities organization of Academician V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow
ORLOVA S.V., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of dietetics and clinical nutritionology of the Medical Institute of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow
AKARACHKOVA E.S., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), president of International Society “Stress under control”, deputy chief physician of Rehalt Rehabilitation Clinic, Moscow
GROMOVA O.A., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, leading researcher, scientific director of the Institute of pharmacoinformatics, FRC “Informatics and Management” of RAS, deputy director for scientific work of Moscow Collaborating Center of UNESCO Institute of Microelements, leading researcher at the Center for Storage and Analysis of Big Data of M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow
MALYAVIN A.G., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of phthisiology and pulmonology of the Faculty of general medicine of Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, chief consultant pulmonologist of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, Moscow
NECHAEVA G.I., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, professor of the Department of internal diseases and family medicine of the Further Professional Educational Institution of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk
NIKOLAEV N.A., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor, head of the Department of extreme and evidence-based medicine of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk
VIKTOROVA I.A., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of polyclinic therapy and internal disease of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk
DRUK I.V., MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), associate professor, head of the Department of internal diseases and family medicine of the Further Professional Educational Institution of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk
LOGINOVA E.N., MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor, associate professor of the Department of internal diseases and family medicine of the Further Professional Educational Institution of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk
NADEY E.V., MD, PhD (Medicine), associate professor of the Department of internal diseases and family medicine of the Further Professional Educational Institution of Omsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Omsk

Abstract. At the Council of experts held at the end of 2023 under RSMSIM authority, its participants considered the problem of magnesium insufficiency and deficiency in the human body, adverse consequences of such deficiency, as well as measures of their prevention and correction. Taking into account the fact that magnesium is an element necessary for the normal functioning of the body, and its deficiency is widespread, correction of such deficiency will help improve the outcomes of many diseases, quality of life, well-being and general health of patients. Due to the availability of methods for diagnosing magnesium deficiency and availability of necessary drugs, it is necessary to develop and implement into medical practice an algorithm for assessing that clinical condition by doctors of various specialties in patients of risk groups, providing its timely correction and adequate prevention. Experts expressed a consolidated opinion on the need to develop Russian clinical guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of magnesium deficiency.

Literature


1. Ashique S., Kumar S., Hussain A. et al. A narrative review on the role of magnesium in immune regulation, inflammation, infectious diseases, and cancer. J Health Popul Nutr. 2023; 42(1): 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-023-00423-0. PMID: 37501216. PMCID: PMC10375690.


2. Groenestege W.M.T., Hoenderop J.G., van den Heuvel L. et al. The epithelial Mg2+ channel transient receptor potential melastatin 6 is regulated by dietary Mg2+ content and estrogens. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 17(4): 1035–43. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2005070700. PMID: 16524949.


3. Reddy P., Edwards L.R. Magnesium supplementation in vitamin D deficiency. Am J Ther. 2019; 26(1): e124–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0000000000000538. PMID: 28471760.


4. Zou Z., Lu Q., Wang Y. et al. Magnesium in aging and aging-related disease. STEMedicine. 2022; 3(2): e119. https://doi.org/10.37175/stemedicine.v3.i2.119.


5. Wolf F.I., Trapani V. Cell (patho)physiology of magnesium. Clin Sci (Lond). 2008; 114(1): 27–35. https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20070129. PMID: 18047467.


6. Feng J., Wang H., Jing Z. et al. Role of magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2020; 196(1): 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01922-0. PMID: 31713111.


7. Suh W.C., Leirmo S., Record M.T. Roles of Mg2+ in the mechanism of formation and dissociation of open complexes between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lambda PR promoter: Kinetic evidence for a second open complex requiring Mg2+. Biochemistry. 1992; 31(34): 7815–25. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00149a011. PMID: 1387321.


8. Brautigam C.A., Steitz T.A. Structural and functional insights provided by crystal structures of DNA polymerases and their substrate complexes. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 1998; 8(1): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(98)80010-9. PMID: 9519297.


9. de Baaij J.H.F., Hoenderop J.G.J., Bindels R.J.M. Magnesium in man: Implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev. 2015; 95(1): 1–46. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00012.2014. PMID: 25540137.


10. Alfrey A.C., Miller N.L., Trow R. Effect of age and magnesium depletion on bone magnesium pools in rats. J Clin Invest. 1974; 54(5): 1074–81. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI107851. PMID: 4418467. PMCID: PMC301655.


11. Lu W.C., Pringa E., Chou L. Effect of magnesium on the osteogenesis of normal human osteoblasts. Magnes Res. 2017; 30(2): 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2017.0422. PMID: 28869207.


12. Zofkova I., Davis M., Blahos J. Trace elements have beneficial, as well as detrimental effects on bone homeostasis. Physiol Res. 2017; 66(3): 391–402. https://doi.org/10.33549/physiolres.933454. PMID: 28248532.


13. Kirkland A.E., Sarlo G.L., Holton K.F. The role of magnesium in neurological disorders. Nutrients. 2018; 10(6): 730. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060730. PMID: 29882776. PMCID: PMC6024559.


14. Pouteau E., Kabir-Ahmadi M., Noah L. et al. Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial. PloS One. 2018; 13(12): e0208454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208454. PMID: 30562392. PMCID: PMC6298677.


15. Maier J.A., Castiglioni S., Locatelli L. et al. Magnesium and inflammation: Advances and perspectives. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2021; 115: 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.002. PMID: 33221129.


16. Locatelli L., Fedele G., Castiglioni S., Maier J.A. Magnesium deficiency induces lipid accumulation in vascular endothelial cells via oxidative stress – the potential contribution of EDF-1 and PPARγ. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(3): 1050. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031050. PMID: 33494333. PMCID: PMC7865876.


17. Shechter M. The role of magnesium as antithrombotic therapy. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2000; 150(15–16): 343–47. PMID: 11105330.


18. Нормы физиологических потребностей в энергии и пищевых веществах для различных групп населения Российской Федера­ции. Методические рекомендации. М.: Федеральная служба по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека. 2021; 72 с. Доступ: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/upload/iblock/789/1.-mr-2.3.1.0253_21-normy-pishchevykh-veshchestv.pdf (дата обращения – 10.01.2024). (Norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation. Guidelines. Moscow: Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. 2021; 72 pp. URL: https://www.rospotrebnadzor.ru/upload/iblock/789/1.-mr-2.3.1.0253_21-normy-pishchevykh-veshchestv.pdf (date of access – 10.01.2024) (In Russ.)).


19. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Коденцова В.М. Пищевые продукты: содержание и усвоение магния. Терапия. 2016; 2(5): 87–96. (Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Kodentsova V.M. Foods: Magnesium content and uptake. Terapiya = Therapy. 2016; 2(5): 87–96 (In Russ.)). EDN: XCFZUJ.


20. Fiorentini D., Cappadone C., Farruggia G., Prata C. Magnesium: Biochemistry, nutrition, detection, and social impact of diseases linked to its deficiency. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4): 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041136. PMID: 33808247. PMCID: PMC8065437.


21. Severo J., Morais J., Freitas T. et al. Metabolic and nutritional aspects of magnesium. Nutr Clin Diet Hosp. 2015; 35(2): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.12873/352severo.


22. DiNicolantonio J.J., O’Keefe J.H., Wilson W. Subclinical magnesium deficiency: A principal driver of cardiovascular disease and a public health crisis. Open Heart. 2018; 5(1): e000668. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2017-000668. PMID: 29387426. PMCID: PMC5786912.


23. Скирденко Ю.П., Николаев Н.А., Ливзан М.А. с соавт. Эффективность управления питанием в реальной клинической практике: вопросов больше, чем ответов. Фарматека. 2018; (13): 57–62. (Skirdenko Yu.P., Nikolaev N.A., Livzan M.A. et al. Efficiency of nutrition management in real clinical practice: more questions than answers. Farmateka. 2018; (13): 57–62 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2018.13.57-62. EDN: YWSCVN.


24. Vegarud G.E., Langsrud T., Svenning C. Mineral-binding milk proteins and peptides; Occurrence, biochemical and technological characteristics. Br J Nutr. 2000; 84 Suppl 1: S91–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500002300. PMID: 11242452.


25. Uwitonze A.M., Razzaque M.S. Role of magnesium in vitamin D activation and function. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018; 118(3): 181–89. https://doi.org/10.7556/jaoa.2018.037. PMID: 29480918.


26. Nielsen F.H., Milne D.B. A moderately high intake compared to a low intake of zinc depresses magnesium balance and alters indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004; 58(5): 703–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601867. PMID: 15116072.


27. Johnson S. The multifaceted and widespread pathology of magnesium deficiency. Med Hypotheses. 2001; 56(2): 163–70. https://doi.org/10.1054/mehy.2000.1133. PMID: 11425281.


28. Grober U. Magnesium and drugs. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(9): 2094. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092094. PMID: 31035385. PMCID: PMC6539869.


29. Al Alawi A.M., Majoni S.W., Falhammar H. Magnesium and human health: Perspectives and research directions. Int J Endocrinol. 2018; 2018: 9041694. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9041694. PMID: 29849626. PMCID: PMC5926493.


30. Горбенко А.В., Скирденко Ю.П., Андреев К.А. с соавт. Кишечная микробиота и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания: механизмы влияния и возможности коррекции. Рациональная терапия в кардиологии. 2023; 19(1): 58–64. (Gorbenko A.V., Skirdenko Yu.P., Andreev K.A. et al. Microbiota and cardiovascular diseases: Mechanisms of influence and correction possibilities. Ratsional’naya terapiya v kardiologii = Rational Therapy in Cardiology. 2023; 19(1): 58–64 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2023-01-03. EDN: KYVDSL.


31. Андреев К.А., Горбенко А.В., Скирденко Ю.П. с соавт. Методологические основы оценки пищевого поведения населения и интенсивности системного воспаления. Профилактическая медицина. 2023; 26(1): 120–125. (Andreev K.A., Gorbenko A.V., Skirdenko Yu.P. et al. Methodological bases for assessing the nutritional behavior of the population and the intensity of systemic inflammation. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2023; 26(1): 120–125 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed202326011120. EDN: CSBCBR.


32. Андреев К.А., Скирденко Ю.П., Горбенко А.В. с соавт. Роль диетических факторов в модуляции интенсивности системного воспаления. Профилактическая медицина. 2023; 26(2): 115–121. (Andreev K.A., Skirdenko Yu.P., Gorbenko A.V. et al. The role of dietary factors in modulating the intensity of systemic inflammation. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = The Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2023; 26(2): 115–121 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed202326021115. EDN: KCMOTH.


33. Ahmed F., Mohammed A. Magnesium: The forgotten electrolyte-a review on hypomagnesemia. Med Sci (Basel). 2019; 7(4): 56. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7040056. PMID: 30987399. PMCID: PMC6524065.


34. Ismail A., Ismail Y., Ismail A. Clinical assessment of magnesium status in the adult: An overview. In book: Magnesium in Human Health and Disease. Editors: Watson R., Preedy V., Zibadi S. Humana Press; Springer science, USA. 2013; 58 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-044-1_1. ISBN: 978-1-62703-043-4.


35. Громова О.А., Калачева А.Г., Торшин И.Ю. с соавт. Недостаточность магния – достоверный фактор риска коморбидных состояний: результаты крупномасштабного скрининга магниевого статуса в регионах России. Фарматека. 2013; (6): 115–129. (Gromova O.A., Kalacheva A.G., Torshin I.Yu. et al. Magnesium deficiency is a reliable risk factor for comorbid conditions: results of large-scale screening of magnesium status in Russian regions. Farmateka. 2013; (6): 115–129 (In Russ.)). EDN: QAFYSV.


36. Николаев Н. Пациентоориентированная антигипертензивная терапия: клинические рекомендации для практических врачей. Врач. 2016; (4): 82–85. (Nikolaev N. Patient-oriented antihypertensive therapy: Clinical guidelines for the practitioner. Vrach = The Doctor. 2016; (4): 82–85 (In Russ.)). EDN: VVNKAJ.


37. Huang J., Xu J., Ye P., Xin X. Association between magnesium intake and the risk of anemia among adults in the United States. Front Nutr. 2023; 10: 1046749. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1046749. PMID: 36908911. PMCID: PMC9996106.


38. Orchard T.S., Larson J.C., Alghothani N. et al. Magnesium intake, bone mineral density, and fractures: Results from the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99(4): 926–33. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.067488. PMID: 24500155. PMCID: PMC3953885.


39. Wu J., Xun P., Tang Q. et al. Circulating magnesium levels and incidence of coronary heart diseases, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr J. 2017; 16(1): 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0280-3. PMID: 28927411. PMCID: PMC5606028.


40. Han H., Fang X., Wei X. et al. Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake, serum magnesium concentration and risk of hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Nutr J. 2017; 16(1): 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-017-0247-4. PMID: 28476161. PMCID: PMC5420140.


41. Jiang L., He P., Chen J. et al. Magnesium levels in drinking water and coronary heart disease mortality risk: A meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2016; 8(1): 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8010005. PMID: 26729158. PMCID: PMC4728619.


42. Qu X., Jin F., Hao Y. et al. Magnesium and the risk of cardiovascular events: A meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PloS One. 2013; 8(3): e57720. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057720. PMID: 23520480. PMCID: PMC3592895.


43. Громова О.А., Лиманова О.А., Гоголева И.В. с соавт. Анализ взаимосвязи между обеспеченностью магнием и риском соматических заболеваний у россиянок 18–45 лет методами интеллектуального анализа данных. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2014; (23): 10–23. (Gromova O.A., Limanova O.A., Gogoleva I.V. et al. Interrelation between magnesium status and risk of somatic diseases in women aged 18–45 years old in russia: the method of database mining. Effektivnaya farmakoterapiya = Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2014; (23): 10–23 (In Russ.)). EDN: UCKQCT.


44. Серов В.Н., Блинов Д.В., Зимовина У.В., Джобава Э.М. Результаты исследования распространенности дефицита магния у беременных. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; (6): 33–40. (Serov V.N., Blinov D.V., Zimovina U.V., Dzhobava E.M. Results of an investigation of the prevalence of magnesium deficiency in pregnant women. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya = Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; (6): 33–40 (In Russ.)). EDN: SHJWHB.


45. Дадак К. Дефицит магния в акушерстве и гинекологии. Акушерство, гинекология и репродукция. 2013; 7(2): 6–14. (Dadak C. Magnesium deficiency in obstetrics and gynecology. Akusherstvo, ginekologiya i reproduktsiya = Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction. 2013; 7(2): 6–14 (In Russ.)). EDN: RRPOCJ.


46. Серов В.Н., Керимкулова Н.В., Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А. Зарубежный и российский опыт применения магния в акушерстве и гинекологии с позиций доказательной медицины. Вопросы гинекологии, акушерства и перинатологии. 2012; 11(4): 62–72. (Serov V.N., Kerimkulova N.V., Torshin I.Yu., Gromova O.A. World-wide experience of magnesium usage in obstetrics and gynecology: Evidence-based research. Voprosy ginekologii, akusherstva i perinatologii = Issues of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2012; 11(4): 62–72 (In Russ.)). EDN: PCYFKX.


47. Lu L., Chen C., Yang K. et al. Magnesium intake is inversely associated with risk of obesity in a 30-year prospective follow-up study among American young adults. Eur J Nutr. 2020; 59(8): 3745–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02206-3. PMID: 32095867. PMCID: PMC7483156.


48. Larsson S.C., Wolk A. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. J Intern Med. 2007; 262(2): 208–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01840.x. PMID: 17645588.


49. Zhang Y., Chen C., Lu L. et al. Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: Findings from the CARDIA study. Sleep. 2022; 45(4): zsab276. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab276. PMID: 34883514. PMCID: PMC8996025.


50. Громова О.А., Калачева А.Г., Торшин И.Ю. с соавт. О диагностике дефицита магния. Часть 1. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2014; (2): 5–11. (Gromova O.A., Kalacheva A.G., Torshin I.Yu. et al. About diagnosing magnesium deficiency. Part 1. Arkhiv vnutrenney meditsiny = Archive of Internal Medicine. 2014; (2): 5–11 (In Russ.)). EDN: RDQRDG.


51. Орлова С.В., Никитина Е.А., Балашова Н.В. с соавт. Оценка скрытого дефицита магния у беременных. Медицинский совет. 2022; 16(5): 104–110. (Orlova S.V., Nikitina E.A., Balashova N.V. et al. Assessment of subclinical magnesium deficiency in pregnant women. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2022; 16(5): 104–110 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2022-16-5-104-110. EDN: XVRIQW.


52. Micke O., Vormann J., Kraus A., Kisters K. Serum magnesium: Time for a standardized and evidence-based reference range. Magnes Res. 2021; 34(2): 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1684/mrh.2021.0486. PMID: 34463286.


53. Costello R.B., Elin R.J., Rosanoff A. et al. Perspective: The Case for an evidence-based reference interval for serum magnesium: The time has come. Adv Nutr. 2016; 7(6): 977–93. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.012765. PMID: 28140318. PMCID: PMC5105038.


54. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Волков А.Ю., Носиков В.В. Нормативы при диагностике дефицита магния в различных биосубстра­тах. Медицинский алфавит. 2014; 2(12): 34–43. (Gromov O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Volkov A.Yu., Nosikov V.V. Standards for diagnosis of magnesium deficiency in various biosubstrates. Meditsinskiy alfavit = Medical Alphabet. 2014; 2(12): 34–43 (In Russ.)). EDN: SJXMLL.


55. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Керимкулова Н.В. с соавт. Метаанализ клинических исследований по использованию оротата магния (препарат Магнерот) в акушерстве и гинекологии. РМЖ. Мать и дитя. 2015; 23(20): 1224–1228. (Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Kerimkulova N.V. et al. Meta-analysis of clinical studies on the use of magnesium orotate (Magnerot) in obstetrics and gynecology. Russkiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. Mat’ i ditya = Russian Medical Journal. Mother and Child. 2015; 23(20): 1224–1228 (In Russ.)). EDN: VHFSQR.


56. Dibaba D.T., Xun P., Song Y. et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure in individuals with insulin resistance, prediabetes, or noncommunicable chronic diseases: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017; 106(3): 921–29. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.117.155291. PMID: 28724644. PMCID: PMC5573024.


57. Askari M., Mozaffari H., Jafari A. et al. The effects of magnesium supplementation on obesity measures in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2021; 61(17): 2921–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2020.1790498. PMID: 32654500.


58. Yuan J., Yu Y., Zhu T. et al. Oral magnesium supplementation for the prevention of preeclampsia: A meta-analysis or randomized controlled trials. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022; 200(8): 3572–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-02976-9. PMID: 34775542.


59. Торшин И.Ю., Громова О.А., Калачева А.Г. с соавт. Метаанализ клинических воздействий оротата магния на сердечно-сосудистую систему. Терапевтический архив. 2015; 87(6): 88–97. (Torshin I.Yu., Gromova O.A., Kalacheva A.G. et al. Meta-analysis of clinical trials of cardiovascular effects of magnesium orotate. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2015; 87(6): 88–97 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh201587688-97. EDN: UKTAXH.


60. Abbasi B., Kimiagar M., Sadeghniiat K. et al. The effect of magnesium supplementation on primary insomnia in elderly: A double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Res Med Sci. 2012; 17(12): 1161–69. PMID: 23853635. PMCID: PMC3703169.


61. Chiu H.Y., Yeh T.H., Huang Y.C., Chen P.Y. Effects of intravenous and oral magnesium on reducing migraine: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Pain Physician. 2016; 19(1): E97–112. PMID: 26752497.


62. Мартынов А.И., Акатова Е.В., Николин О.П. Результаты длительной терапии оротатом магния пациентов с пролапсом митрального клапана. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2012; 11(3): 30–35. (Martynov A.I., Akatova E.V., Nikolin O.P. Long-term magnesium orotate therapy in patients with mitral valve prolapse. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika = Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2012; 11(3): 30–35 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2012-3-30-35. EDN: NLMNMM.


63. Rosanoff A., Costello R.B., Johnson G.H. Effectively prescribing oral magnesium therapy for hypertension: A categorized systematic review of 49 clinical trials. Nutrients. 2021; 13(1): 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010195. PMID: 33435187. PMCID: PMC7827637.


64. Kass L., Weekes J., Carpenter L. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure: A meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2012; 66(4): 411–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2012.4. PMID: 22318649.


65. Громова О.А., Торшин И.Ю., Пронин А.В. с соавт. Мета-анализ эффективности и безопасности применения органический солей магния в акушерской практике. Акушерство и гинекология. 2014; (10): 33–40. (Gromova O.A., Torshin I.Yu., Pronin A.V. et al. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of magnesium preparations used in obstetric practice. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya = Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2014; (10): 33–40 (In Russ.)). EDN: SXRJVL.


66. Копицына У.Е., Гришина Т.Р., Торшин И.Ю. с соавт. Сверхнизкий уровень магния в эритроцитах как значимый фактор патогенеза пограничных психических расстройств. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. C.С. Корсакова. 2015; 115(11): 85–96. (Kopitsyna U.E., Grishina T.R., Torshin I.Yu. et al. Very low magnesium levels in red blood cells as a significant factor in the etiopathogenesis of borderline disorders. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova = S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2015; 115(11): 85–96 (In Russ.)). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201511511185-96. EDN: VHCXHT.


Similar Articles


Бионика Медиа