The impact of quarantine measures introduced to contain COVID-19 in the world on the behavioral disorders of patients with chronic brain ischemia


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2021.5.7-13

Sleptsova K.B, Zakharov V.V.

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Sechenov University)
Abstract. The aim of the study is to assess the influence of social isolation measures put in force due to COVID-19 pandemic at the mental health and life quality of older people suffering from dementia and their caregivers.
Material and methods. During the study, a systematic search was carried out in the PubMed database for the following key words: COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2; dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive impairment and behavioral disorders. There was no time limitations for the literature search. Consequentially, the study included articles published before January 10, 2021 (last day of search). There were also no restrictions on the type of articles. Works devoted to the study of pediatric or young-age patients, studies of medical personnel, materials concerning the pathogenesis and therapy of COVID-19, studies aimed at assessing the direct effect of the virus on the nervous system were excluded.
Results. In accordance with selected criteria 1640 articles in PubMed were found. Only 19 from them reflected the problem of the impact of social isolation measures introduced in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic on people’s mental health and life quality, and only 6 articles met all the search criteria
Conclusion. The results of the performed studies indicate that the restrictive measures put in force to hold the COVID-19 spread have an adverse influence at the emotional and behavioral sphere of dementia patients. People with cognitive impairments are especially vulnerable during periods of self-isolation. Their need for care, medical and social rehabilitation cannot be adequately met with quarantine measures implementation. All these consequences must be taken into account after the COVID-19 crisis has been overcome in order to develop rehabilitation measures for dementia patients.
Keywords: non-cognitive neuropsychiatric disorders, behavioral disorders, emotional disorders, telemedicine, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease
Read entire article

Literature


  1. Поликарпов А.В., Александрова Г.А., Голубев Н.А. с соавт. Общая заболеваемость взрослого населения России в 2017 году. Ч. 4. М. 2018; с. 13. Доступ: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informatsionnye-materialy/statisticheskiy-sbornik-2017-god (дата обращения – 01.05.2021). [Polikarpov A.V., Alexandrova G.A., Golubev N.A. et al. The overall incidence of the adult population of Russia in 2017. Part 4. M. 2018; p. 13. Available at: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informatsionnye-materialy/statisticheskiy-sbornik-2017-god (date of access – 01.05.2021) (In Russ.)].

  2. Захаров В.В., Вахнина Н.В., Гоголева А.Г., Межмидинова С.К. Диагностика и лечение хронической ишемии головного мозга. Медицинский совет. 2020; 8: 36–45. [Zakharov V.V., Vakhnina N.V., Gogoleva A.G., Mezhmidinova S.K. Diagnostics and treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2020; 8: 36–45 (In Russ.)]. doi: https://doi.org/10.21518/2079-701X-2020-8-36-45.

  3. Яхно Н.Н. Когнитивные расстройства в неврологической практике. Неврологический журнал. 2006; S1: 4–12. [Yakhno N.N. Cognitive disorders in neurological practice. Nevrologicheskiy zhurnal = Neurological Journal. 2006; S1: 4-12 (In Russ.)].

  4. Захаров В.В., Вознесенская Т.Г. Нервно-психические нарушения: диагностические тесты. М.: МЕДпресс-информ. 2018; 320 с. [Zakharov V.V., Voznesenskaya T.G. Neuropsychic disorders: diagnostic tests. Moscow: MEDpress-inform. 2018; 320 pp. (In Russ.)]. ISBN: 978-5-00030-582-9.

  5. Менделевич В.Д., Менделевич Е.Г. Психиатрия. Учебник по специальности «Лечебное дело». Ростов-на-Дону: Феникс. 2017; 412 с. [Mendelevich V.D., Mendelevich E.G. Psychiatry. Textbook on the specialty «General Medicine». Rostov-on-Don: Feniks = Phoenix. 2017; 48 pp. (In Russ.)]. ISBN: 978-5-222-26913-8.

  6. Вахнина Н.В. Сосудистые когнитивные нарушения. Неврология, нейропсихиатрия, психосоматика. 2014; 1: 74–79. [Vakhnina N.V. Vascular cognitive impairment. Nevrologiya, neyropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2014; 1: 74–79. (In Russ.)]. https://doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2014-1-74-79.

  7. Alonso-Lana S., Marquie M., Ruiz A., Boada M. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and effects on elderly individuals with dementia. Front Aging Neurosci. 2020; 12: 588872. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.588872.

  8. Rogers J.P., Chesney E., Oliver D. et al. Psychiatric and neuropsychiatric presentations associated with severe coronavirus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis with comparison to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(7): 611–27. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30203-0.

  9. Wynants L., Van Calster B., Collins G.S. et al. Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19 infection: systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ. 2020; 369: m1328. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1328.

  10. Santini Z.I., Jose P.E., York Cornwell E. et al. Social disconnectedness, perceived isolation, and symptoms of depression and anxiety among older Americans (NSHAP): a longitudinal mediation analysis. The Lancet. Public Health. 2020; 5(1): e62–e70. doi: 10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30230-0.

  11. Verity R., Okell L.C., Dorigatti I., Winskill P. Estimates of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019: a model-based analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20(6): 669–77. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30243-7.

  12. Cagnin A., Di Lorenzo R., Marra C. et al. SINdem COVID-19 Study Group. Behavioral and psychological effects of coronavirus disease-19 quarantine in patients with dementia. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 578015. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.578015.

  13. Troyer E.A., Kohn J.N., Hong S. Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87: 34–39. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.027.

  14. Alves G.S., Casali M.E., Veras A.B. et al. A systematic review of home-setting psychoeducation interventions for behavioral changes in dementia: Some lessons for the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic assistance. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 577871. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.577871.

  15. Cohen G., Russo M.J., Campos J.A., Allegri R.F. COVID-19 epidemic in Argentina: Worsening of behavioral symptoms in elderly subjects with dementia living in the community. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 866. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00866.

  16. Hughes C.P., Berg L., Danziger W.L. et al. A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia. Br J Psychiatry. 1982; 140: 566–72. doi: 10.1192/bjp.140.6.566.

  17. Austrom M.G., Boustani M., LaMantia M.A. Ongoing medical management to maximize health and well-being for persons living with dementia. Gerontologist. 2018; 58(suppl. 1): S48–S57. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnx147.

  18. Vitiello M.V., Borson S. Sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment. CNS Drugs. 2001; 15(10): 777–96. doi: 10.2165/00023210-200115100-00004.

  19. Phan S.V., Osae S., Morgan J.C. et al. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: Considerations for pharmacotherapy in the USA. Drugs R D. 2019; 19(2): 93–115. doi: 10.1007/s40268-019-0272-1.

  20. Hughes T.B., Black B.S., Albert M. et al. Correlates of objective and subjective measures of caregiver burden among dementia caregivers: influence of unmet patient and caregiver dementia-related care needs. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014; 26(11): 1875–83. doi: 10.1017/S1041610214001240.

  21. Shahid Z., Kalayanamitra R., McClafferty B. COVID-19 and older adults: What we know. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 68(5): 926–929. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16472.

  22. El Haj M., Altintas E., Chapelet G. et al. High depression and anxiety in people with Alzheimer’s disease living in retirement homes during the covid-19 crisis. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 291: 113294. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113294.

  23. Ismail Z., Smith E.E., Geda Y. et al. ISTAART Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Professional Interest Area. Neuropsychiatric symptoms as early manifestations of emergent dementia: provisional diagnostic criteria for mild behavioral impairment. Alzheimers Dement. 2016; 12(2): 195–202. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2015.05.017.

  24. Altieri M., Santangelo G. The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on caregivers of people with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021; 29(1): 27–34. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.10.009.

  25. Pinquart M., Sorensen S. Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: a meta-analysis. Psychol Aging. 2003; 18(2): 250–67. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.18.2.250.

  26. Herrman H., Stewart D.E., Diaz-Granados N. et al. What is resilience? Can J Psychiatry. 2011; 56(5): 258–65. doi: 10.1177/070674371105600504.

  27. Teahan A., Lafferty A., McAuliffe E. et al. Resilience in family caregiving for people with dementia: A systematic review. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2018; 33(12): 1582–95. doi: 10.1002/gps.4972.

  28. Smith A.C., Thomas E., Snoswell C.L. et al. Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Telemed Telecare. 2020; 26(5): 309–13. doi: 10.1177/1357633X20916567.

  29. Goodman-Casanova J.M., Dura-Perez E., Guzman-Parra J. et al. Telehealth home support during COVID-19 confinement for community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia: Survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(5): e19434. doi: 10.2196/19434.

  30. Brooks S.K., Webster R.K., Smith L.E. et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227): 912–20. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.

  31. Ryoo N., Pyun J.M., Baek M.J. et al. Coping with dementia in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Korean Med Sci. 2020; 35(42): e383. doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e383.

  32. Gerlach L.B., Kales H.C. Managing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2018; 41(1): 127–39. doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.10.010.

  33. Benaque A., Gurruchaga M.J., Abdelnour C. et al. Dementia care in times of COVID-19: Experience at Fundacio ACE in Barcelona, Spain. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020; 76(1): 33–40. doi:10.3233/JAD-200547.

  34. Boot B.P., McDade E.M., McGinnis S.M., Boeve B.F. Treatment of dementia with Lewy bodies. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2013; 15(6): 738–64. doi: 10.1007/s11940-013-0261-6.


About the Autors

Kristina B. Sleptsova, postgraduate student of the Department of nervous diseases and neurosurgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Sechenov University). Address: 119991, Moscow, 8/2 Trubetskaya Str. Tel.: +7 (915) 329-82-09. E-mail: slepcova-kristin@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0003-2968-527X
Vladimir V. Zakharov, MD, professor of the Department of nervous diseases and neurosurgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia (Sechenov University). Address: 119991, Moscow, 8/2 Trubetskaya Str. Tel.: +7 (916) 883-26-83. E-mail: zakharovenator@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-8447-3264


Similar Articles

Back to Content

Бионика Медиа