Influenza as a systemic disease in adults: clinical burden and benefits of vaccination
Zeynep Oktay, Mine Durusu Tanrıöver
ABSTRACT. Influenza is a disease with systemic effects that extend beyond the respiratory tract and contribute to a wide range of extrapulmonary complications. Cardiovascular events, neurological manifestations, functional decline, progression of frailty, and metabolic disturbances are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to influenza-related morbidity and mortality, particularly among older adults and individuals with chronic medical conditions. Vaccination remains a key element of influenza prevention and is consistently associated with reductions in influenza-related morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality rates. Beyond its direct protective effects against infection, accumulating evidence suggests that the administration of seasonal influenza vaccine can provide broader health benefits, including cardiovascular protection, reduction of chronic disease exacerbations, preservation of functional status, support of healthy aging, and reduction of antibiotic use. Ongoing advances in vaccine development, including broadly protective influenza vaccines, mRNA-based platforms, improved vaccine formulations for older adults, and novel mucosal vaccination strategies, have the potential to improve protection against seasonal and emerging pandemic influenza viruses. Meanwhile, seasonal influenza vaccination coverage rates among older adults and people with chronic conditions are still much below the targeted 75%; hence increasing influenza vaccination rates remains a global public health priority. Recognizing that influenza is a multi-systemic disease and understanding the broader benefits of the vaccination against influenza in adults can help strengthen prevention strategies and reduce the global influenza burden.
For citation: Oktay Z, Tanrıöver MD. Influenza as a systemic disease in adults: Clinical burden and benefits of vaccination. Therapy (Moscow). 2026;12(5S):58–66.
https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2026.5-s5.58-66
Ключевые слова
influenza
vaccination
systemic inflammation
cardiovascular disease
frailty
prevention
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Об авторах / Для корреспонденции
Zeynep Oktay, MD, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.E-mail: zeynepyilmaz90@windowslive.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-7670. Scopus ID: 57396466100
Mine Durusu Tanriover, MD, Professor, Director of the Vaccine Institute, Hacettepe University, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
E-mail: mdurusu@yahoo.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9565-4389. Scopus ID: 55665934300
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