The Russian Scientific Medical Society of Internal Medicine (RSMSIM), being a full member of the European Federation of Internal Medicine, takes part in the global campaign «Choosing Wisely». The concept of the campaign implies promoting the rational distribution and increasing the efficiency of the use of health care resources. Recognizing the importance of this initiative, the leading foreign medical professional societies supported it, joining their efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare. Each participating professional community created a list of clinical situations (recommendations) that should be considered in terms of rationalizing therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. The resulting lists stimulate discussion about the appropriateness of many frequently applied interventions. The aim was to identify a list of top-5 recommendations of the Russian Choosing Wisely campaign. Methodology and results. At the first stage, all the recommendations published in other campaigns of internal medicine societies, have been screened by the working group and 90 recommendations the most relevant to clinical practice in the field of internal medicine in Russian, were retrieved. As a second step, a group of experts evaluated the rating of the selected items. Then 26 items that received the highest score, as well as 4 items, additionally proposed by the experts, were submitted for online voting to the RSMSIM full members for the rating evaluation. As for the attribution of priority, the delegates could express their opinion intuitively, without request for justifications. After a four-month voting period, experts evaluated the evidence base for 10 situations with the maximum score and developed a coordinated position. Conclusion. Thus, the top-5 list of Russian Choosing Wisely Campaign, supposed to be discussed by professional therapeutic community, was finally identified. The future build-in studies will show whether campaign will be followed by physicians and whether following the recommendations will lead to a reduction in morbidity and mortality, as well as a reduction of financial waste in the Healthcare. The campaign can be a useful tool for inducing therapists and subspecialists to a different way of thinking about professionalism and appropriateness of interventions.

Keywords: access to health care, intervention appropriateness, Choosing Wisely campaign, unnecessary costs, overtreatment, health care