The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of data obtained in individuals without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2) and metabolic syndrome (MS), in patients with type 2 diabetes, but without MS, and in patients with combination of type 2 diabetes and MS and reflecting the degree of atherosclerotic lesion of great vessels, changes in blood lipid profile, homocysteine (HC) and endotheliin-1 (ET-1), in comparison with the clinical and instrumental atherosclerosis manifestations.
Material and methods. 233 patients aged 27 to 81 years (average age level was 58,97±0,93 years) were examined. Among them, in 73 patients, diabetes melitus 2 was diagnosed without concomitant MS, in 74 – DM-2 in MS combination, in 86 patients DM-2 and/or MS were not diagnosed. Laboratory examination included fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin determination. As a part of clinical-instrumental examination, ultrasound investigation of the main arteries of the neck, upper and lower extremities on both sides was performed with further estimation of hemodynamic significance of the detected plaques, estimation of the vasomotor function of endothelium using a reactive hyperemia test on the right brachial artery and Holter ECG monitoring (XM ECG) for 7 days with registration in standard leads (V3, V5 and AVF) and detecting indicating ischemia changes in the S–T segment.
Results. It was found that in the absence of DM-2 and MS, or in DM-2 without MS in males, various clinical and instrumental manifestations of atherosclerosis are detected more often. At the same time, the combination of CD-2 with MS erases the differences in the frequency of detection of clinical and instrumental manifestations of atherosclerosis between males and females. There were no significant differences in the main blood lipid profile indexes, including the atherogenic coefficient, as well as in the plasma HC and ET-1 in the subgroups with different diagnosis depending on gender, except for an increased concentration of HDL in females in the subgroup with DM 2 and MS combination.
Conclusion. Thus, according to our obtained data, in the absence of MD-2 and MS, or in case of MD-2 without MS in males, various clinical and instrumental manifestations of atherosclerosis are detected more often. Moreover, the combination of DM-2 with MS leads to erasing of differences in the frequency of detection of these features among male and female patients.

Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, lipid spectrum, endothelial dysfunction, homocysteine, gender differences