Cardiovascular comorbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus: potential of use of glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonists


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2019.6.114-126

Halimov Yu.Sh., Sergienko I.V., Kuzmich V.G.

1) S.M. Kirov Military medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg; 2) National medical research Center of cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow
The article discusses the comorbidity of cardiovascular pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, gives a brief assessment of the role of this disease in the development of cardiovascular diseases of atherosclerotic genesis, shows potential glycemic and non-glycemic mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of antidiabetic drugs of the glucagon-like peptide type 1 receptor agonist class (aGPP-1). The analysis of completed large randomized trials on the cardiovascular safety of aGPP-1 is introduced. It demonstrates the heterogeneous, but at the same time encouraging results of the influence of drugs of this class at cardiovascular endpoints in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Literature



  1. Елсукова О.С., Никитина Е.А., Журавлева О.Л. Изучение коморбидной патологии у пациентов с cахарным диабетом 2 типа. Современная медицина: актуальные вопросы: сб. ст. по матер. XXXI междунар. науч.-практ. конф. 2014; 5(31): 27–36.

  2. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017. http://www.diabetesatlas.org

  3. Остроумова О.Д, Зыкова А.А. Метаболический синдром в практике врача: новые возможности коррекции. Эффективная фармакотерапия. Эндокринология. 2011; 2: 18–22.

  4. Рекомендации экспертов Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов по диагностике. Второй пересмотр. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2009; 6(2): 5–7.

  5. Муромцева Г.А., Концевая А.В., Константинов В.В. с соавт. Распространенность факторов риска неинфекционных заболеваний в российской популяции в 2012–2013 гг. Результаты исследования ЭССЕ-РФ. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2014; 13(6): 4–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2014-6-4-11.

  6. Мелихова С.П., Шевцова В.И., Зуйкова А.А., Котова Ю.А. Изучение коморбидной патологии при сахарном диабете 2 типа как осложнении метаболического синдрома. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2018; 8(5): 366–371. doi: 10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-5-366-371.

  7. Низов А.А., Сучкова Е.И., Дашкевич О.В., Трунина Т.П. Кардиоваскулярная коморбидность в реальной клинической практике амбулаторного врача. Сравнительное регистровое исследование в Рязанской области. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2019; 18(2): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2019-2-70-75.

  8. Эпидемиология сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов сахарным диабетом, по данным федерального регистра Российской Федерации (2013–2016). Сахарный диабет. 2019; 22(2): 105–114. doi: 10.14341/DM10167.

  9. Sarwar N., Gao P., Seshasai S.R., Gobin R., Kaptoge S. et al. Diabetes mellitus, fasting blood glucose concentration, and risk of vascular disease: a collaborative meta-analysis of 102 prospective studies. Lancet. 2010; 375(9733): 2215–22.

  10. Sun W., Cleary P.A., Tamborlane W.V., Danis R.P., Hainsworth D.P. et al. Effect of prior intensive therapy in type 1 diabetes on 10-year progression of retinopathy in the DCCT/EDIC: comparison of adults and adolescents. Diabetes. 2010; 59(5): 1244–53.

  11. Di Angelantonio E., Gao P., Khan H., Butterworth A.S., Wormser D. et al. Glycated hemoglobin measurement and prediction of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2014; 311(12): 1225–33.

  12. Su G., Mi S., Tao H., Li Z., Yang H., Zheng H. et al. Association of glycemic variability and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011; 10: 19.

  13. Иванникова Е.В., Мелкозеров К.В., Калашников В.Ю., Терехин С.А., Кононенко И.В., Смирнова О.М. Изучение роли факторов роста фибробластов (bFGF, TGFβ1), маркеров воспаления (IL-6, TNF-α, СRP) и конечных продуктов гликирования (AGE, RAGE) у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца и сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2013; 3: 64–70. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-819.

  14. Барбараш О.Л., Авраменко О.Е., Осокина А.В., Сумин А.Н., Веремеев А.В. Роль провоспалительных факторов в оценке прогноза пациентов с прогрессирующей стенокардией в сочетании с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Сахарный диабет. 2012; 4: 39–45.

  15. Davies, M.J., D’Alessio, D.A., Fradkin, J. et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2018; 61: 2461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5.

  16. Дедов И.И., Шестакова М.В., Майоров А.Ю. Алгоритмы специализированной медицинской помощи больным сахарным диабетом. 8-й выпуск. Сахарный диабет. 2017; 20(1S): 1–112.

  17. Nauck M.A., Heimesaat M.M., Orskov C. et al. Preserved incretin activity of glucagon‐like peptide 1 [7–36 amide] but not of synthetic human gastric inhibitory polypeptide in patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 1993; 91: 301–07.

  18. Holst J.J. On the physiology of GIP and GLP‐1. Horm Metab Res. 2004; 36: 747–54.

  19. Perfetti R. The role of GLP-1 in the regulation of the islet cell mass. Medscape Diabet Endocrinol. 2004; 6(2): 134–38.

  20. Kumari P., Nakata M., Zhang B.Y., Otgon-Uul Z., Yada T. GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide exerts central action to induce β-cell proliferation through medulla to vagal pathway in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2018; 499(3): 618–25. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.199.

  21. Davies M.J., D’Alessio D.A., Fradkin J. et al. Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia. 2018; 61: 2461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4729-5.

  22. Ussher J.R., Drucker D.J. Cardiovascular biology of the incretin system. Endocr. Rev. 2012; 33: 187–215.

  23. Ban K., Noyan-Ashraf M. H., Hoefer J., Bolz S.S., Drucker D.J., Husain M. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and independent pathways. Circulation. 2008; 117 (18); 2340–50.

  24. Bose A., Mocanu M., Carr R., Yellon D. Myocardial ischaemia – reperfusion injury is attenuated by intact glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the in vitro rat heart and may involve the p70s6K pathway. Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther. 2007; 21: 253–56.

  25. Bose A.K., Mocanu M.M., Carr R.D. et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 can directly protect the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Diabetes. 2005; 54: 146–51.

  26. Ban K., Noyan-Ashraf M.H., Hoefer J., Bolz S.S., Drucker D.J., Husain M. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and — independent pathways. Circulation. 2008; 117(18): 2340–50.

  27. Noyan-Ashraf M.H., Momen M.A., Ban K. et al. GLP-1R agonist liraglutide activates cytoprotective pathways and improves outcomes after experimental myocardial infarction in mice. Diabetes. 2009; 58: 975–83.

  28. Nikolaidis L.A, Mankad S., Sokos G.G. et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction after successful reperfusion. Circulation. 2004; 109(8): 962–65.

  29. Read P.A., Khan F.Z., Dutka D.P. Cardioprotection against ischaemia induced by dobutamine stress using glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with coronary artery disease. Heart 2012; 98: 408–13.

  30. Lonborg J., Vejlstrup N., Kelbak H. et al. Impact of acute hyperglycemia on myocardial infarct size, area at risk and salvage in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and the association with exenatide treatment — results from a randomized study [published online ahead of print February 28, 2014]. Diabetes, doi: 10. 2337/db 13–1849. Accessed May 9, 2014.

  31. Woo J.S., Kim W., Ha S.J. et al. Cardioprotective effects of exenatide in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results of exenatide myocardial protection in revascularization study. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol. 2013; 33: 2252–60.

  32. Ussher J.R., Drucker D.J. Cardiovascular biology of the incretin system. Endocr. Rev. 2012; 33: 187–215.

  33. Sokos G.G., Nikolaidis L.A., Mankad S. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 infusion improves left ventricular ejection fraction and functional status in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cardiac Failure. 2006; 12 (9): 694–99.

  34. Gaspari T., Liu H., Welungoda I. et al. A GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide inhibits endothelial cell dysfunction and vascular adhesion molecule expression in an ApoE-/- mouse model. Diab. Vase. Dis. Res. 2011; 8: 117–24.

  35. Poornima L., Brown S., Bhashyam S. et al. Chronic glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) infusion sustains LV systolic function and prolongs survival in the spontaneously hypertensive-heart failure prone rat. Circ Heart Fail. 2008; 1: 153–60.

  36. Hatton V., Jojima T., Tomizawa A. et al. A glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, liraglutide, upregulates nitric oxide production and exerts antiinflammatory action in endothelial cells. Diabetologia. 2010; 53: 2256–63.

  37. Erdogdu O., Nathanson D., Sjoholm A. et al Exendin-4 stimulates proliferation of human coronary artery endothelial cells through eNOS-, PKA- and PI3K/Akt-dependent pathways and requires GLP-1 receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010; 325: 26–35.

  38. Tomas E., Stanojevic V., Habener J.F. GLP-l-derived nonapeptide GLP-1 (28–36) amide targets to mitochondria and suppresses glucose production and oxidative stress in isolated mouse hepatocytes. Regul Pept. 2011; 167: 177–84.

  39. Koska J., Schwartz. E.A., Mullin M.P. et al. Improvement of postprandial endothehal function after a single dose of exenatide in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and recent-onset type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33 (5): 1028–30.

  40. Nystrom T., Gutniak M.K., Zhang Q. et al. Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 on endothelial function in type 2 diabetes patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 287: 1209–15.

  41. Arakawa М., Mila Т., Azuma К. et al. Inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuation of atherosclerotic lesion by a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4. Diabetes. 2010; 59: 1030–37.

  42. Meier J.J., Gethmann A., Gotze O. et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes the postprandial rise in triglyceride concentrations and lowers levels of non-esterified fatty acids in humans. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 452–58.

  43. Schwartz E.A., Koska J., Mullin M.P. et al. Exenatide suppresses postprandial elevations in lipids and lipoproteins in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and recent onset type 2 diabe-tes mellitus. Atherosclerosis. 2010; 212: 217–22.

  44. Juntti-Berggren L., Pigon J., Karpe F. et al. The antidiabetogenic effect of GLP-1 is maintained during a 7-day treatment period and improves diabetic dyslipoproteinemia in NIDDM patients. Diabetes Care. 1996; 19: 1200–06.

  45. Plutzky J., Garber A., Toft A.D. et al. Metaanalysis demonstrates that liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, significantly reduces lipids and other markers of cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2009, 52 (Suppl. 1): S299.

  46. Okerson T., Yan P., Stonehouse A., Brodows R. Effects of exenatide on systolic blood pressure in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Am J Hypertens. 2010; 23: 334–39.

  47. Pratley R.E., Nauck M., Bailey T. et al. Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial. Lancet. 2010;375: 1447–56.

  48. Buse J.B., Drucker D.J., Taylor K.L. DURATION-1 Study Group. DURATION-1: exenatide once weekly produces sustained glycemic control and weight loss over 52 weeks. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33: 1255–61.

  49. Garber A., Henry R., Ratner R. et al. Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, doubleblind, parallel-treatment trial. Lancet. 2009; 373: 473–81.

  50. Gutzwiller J.P., Tschopp S., Bock A. et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 induces natriuresis in healthy subjects and in insulin-resistant obese men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 3055–61.

  51. Gill A., Hoogwerf B.J., Burger J. et al. Effect of exenatide on heart rate and blood pressure in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 2010; 9: 6.

  52. Nauck M.A., Meier J.J., Cavender M.A., Abd El Aziz M., Drucker D.J. Cardiovascular actions and clinical outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Circulation. 2017; 136: 849–70. doi: (10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.028136)

  53. Giugliano D., Maiorino M.I., Bellastella G., Longo M., Chiodini P., Esposito K. GLP-1 receptor agonists for prevention of cardiorenal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis including the REWIND and PIONEER 6 trials. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019; 1–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13847.

  54. Pfeffer M.A., Claggett B., Diaz R., Dickstein K., Gerstein H.C., Kober L.V. et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(23): 2247–57.

  55. Holman R.R., Bethel M.A., Mentz R.J. et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes.N Engl J Med. 2017; 377(13): 1228–39. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1612917.

  56. Mentz R.J., Bethel M.A., Merrill P. et al. EXSCEL study group. Effect of once-weekly exenatide on clinical outcomes according to baseline risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insights from the EXSCEL trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Oct 2; 7(19): e009304. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.009304.

  57. Hernandez A.F. et al. Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018; 392(10157): 1519–29.

  58. Marso S.P., Bain S.C., Consoli A. et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(19): 1834–44. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607141.

  59. Pratley R., Amod A., Hoff T. et al. Oral semaglutide versus subcutaneous liraglutide and placebo in type 2 diabetes (PIONEER 4): a randomised, double-blind, phase 3a trial. The Lancet. 2019; 394(10192): 39–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31271-1.

  60. Gerstein H.C., Colhoun H.M., Dagenais G.R. et al. REWIND Trial Investigators. Design and baseline characteristics of participants in the Researching cardiovascular Events with a Weekly INcretin in Diabetes (REWIND) trial on the cardiovascular effects of dulaglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2018 Jan; 20(1): 42–49. doi: 10.1111/dom.13028.

  61. Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 7 мая 2018 г. № 204 «О национальных целях и стратегических задачах развития Российской Федерации на период до 2024 года». Российская газета. Федеральный выпуск № 97(75601) 9 мая 2018 г.


About the Autors


Yuri Sh. Halimov, MD, professor, head of the Department of military field therapy of S.M. Kirov Military medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Address: 194044, St. Petersburg, 6 Academica Lebedeva Str. Tel: +7 (921) 941-18-56. Email: yushkha@gmail.com. eLibrary SPIN: 7315-6746.
Igor V. Sergienko, MD, professor, leading researcher of the Department of atherosclerosis problems of National medical research center of cardiology of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 121552, Moscow, 15A 3rd Cherepkovskaya Str. Tel.: +7 (903) 149-22-53.
Vladimir G. Kuzmich, PhD, associate professor of the Department of military field therapy of S.M. Kirov Military medical Academy of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. Address: 194044, St. Petersburg, 6 Academica Lebedeva Str. Tel.: +7 (981) 944-01-82.


Similar Articles


Бионика Медиа