Peculiarities of multi-component subscutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy with weed allergens performing


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2024.2.56-64

Shogenova M.S., Khutueva S.Kh., Shogenova L.S.

1) Center of Allergology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, Nalchik; 2) Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik; 3) State Scientific Center “Institute of Immunology” of FMBA of Russia, Moscow
Abstract. Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (scASIT) is one of the main methods of treating allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma (BA) and atopic dermatitis.
The aim of the review is to analyze the clinical efficacy and safety of scASIT in IgE-mediated allergic diseases caused by sensitization to the ragweed pollen allergen.
Material and methods. An analysis of medical publications in English and Russian languages on the use of scASCIT in various databases, such as PubMed (from 2020 to 2023), as well as recent publications in the eLibrary, was carried out. Additionally, an analysis of scASIT efficacy was performed basing on the clinical observation of a BA patient born in 2004.
Results. According to the results of studies made by Russian and foreign authors, 51–81% of allergy patients have positive skin tests or have specific IgE to several types of allergens, and in case of polysensitization it is necessary first of all to identify a clinically significant allergen. Many studies indicate a clear advantage of using scASIT for sensitization to various aeroallergens. The efficacy of scASIT is influenced by the correct diagnosis, right selected allergen, quality of medications (use of standardized allergens), effective total dose, technique and compliance with the intervals of allergen administration when increasing the dose and during maintenance treatment, patient compliance, the presence of concomitant pathology and polyvalent sensitization.
Conclusion. scASIT is a long-practiced and well-documented method of treating allergies using allergens from ragweed pollen and other weeds, the efficacy and safety of which has been demonstrated in both adult and pediatric patients. Its main benefits include reducing symptoms of allergic diseases, improving life quality, long-term effect and preventive action. The clinical case presented in the article shows that scASIT is an individual method of treatment, and its efficacy may vary in different patients.
Keywords: polysensitization, subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy, bronchial asthma
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About the Autors

Madina S. Shogenova, MD, Dr. Sci.(Medicine), chief physician of Center of Allergology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, professor of the Department of faculty therapy, Medical Academy of Kh.M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University. Address: 360002, Nalchik, 10a Marko Vovchok St.
E-mail: shogmad@yandex.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-6977
Svetlana Kh. Khutueva, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), professor, head of the Department of allergy – immunology, Center of Allergology and Immunology of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Address: 360002, Nalchik, 10a Marko Vovchok St.
E-mail: allergo2010@mail.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-1202
Laura S. Shogenova, MD, resident of State Scientific Center “Institute of Immunology” of FMBA of Russia. Address: 115522, Moscow, 24 Kashirskoe Highway.
E-mail: l_shogenova@list.ru
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-1278


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