The state of systemic and local immunity in acute nasopharyngitis with ARVI


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2021.4.57-63

Savlevich E.L., Simbirtsev A.S., Chistyakova G.N., Terekhina K.G., Batskalevich N.A.

1) Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of Russian Federation, Moscow; 2) State Research Institute of Highly Pure biopreparations of FMBA, St. Petersburg; 3) Ural Scientific Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care, Yekaterinburg; 4) City Clinical Hospital No. 40, Yekaterinburg
Abstract. The purpose of this study was to investigate the parameters of local and systemic immunity in patients suffering from acute nasopharyngitis with intoxication at the disease onset.
Material and methods. The analysis of CD3-FITC/CD19-PE, CD3-FITC/CD4-PE, CD3-FITC/CD8-PE, and CD3-FITC/CD16+56-PE lymphocytes was conducted using flow cytometry of venous blood taken from 94 patients with acute nasopharyngitis and intoxication syndrome during the first 2 days of the disease, while radial immunodiffusion was applied to measure the concentration of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulins. The estimation of bactericidal activity in leucocytes and NADP oxidase system functioning in neutrophils was performed with the help of spontaneous and stimulated NBT tests. The level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined in the nasal mucus using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay, whereas IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 interleukins, and interferon-α were measured in both blood serum and nasal mucus.
Results and conclusion. The initial period of the disease was associated with only the decrease in the relative number of cytotoxic CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes, stimulated NBT test or nitroblue tetrazolium test, and intensification of phagocytic activity of monocytes. The investigation of the local immune parameters discovered the reduction of major factors of innate immunity in the mucus layer, i.e. interferon α and secretory IgA, together with the increase in all studied proinflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 cytokines in the nasal mucus. Apart from the IL-1 β increase, all blood serum parameters were within the normal limits.
Keywords: acute nasopharyngitis with intoxication syndrome, systemic and local immune responses, acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI), interferon, cytokines, interleukins
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About the Autors

Elena L. Savlevich, PhD, associate professor of the Department of otorhinolaryngology, Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of Russian Federation. Address: 121359, Moscow, 19/1a Marshala Timoshenko Str. Tel.: +7 (985) 145-27-45. E-mail: savllena@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0003-4031-308X
Andrey S. Simbirtsev, MD, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for science of State Research Institute of Highly Pure biopreparations of FMBA. Address: 197110, Saint Petersburg, 7 Pudozhskaya Str. Tel.: +7 (921) 918-12-17. E-mail: a.s.simbirtsev@hbp.spb.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-8228-4240
Guzel N. Chistyakova, MD, professor, head of the Department of immunology, clinical microbiology, pathomorphology and cytodiagnostics, Ural Scientific Research Institute for Maternal and Child Care. Address: 620028, Yekaterinburg, 1 Repina Str. 1. Tel.: +7 (922) 602-86-20. E-mail: chistyakovagn@niiomm.ru. ORCID: 0000-0002-0852-6766
Katerina G. Terekhina, clinical resident of the Department of otorhinolaryngology, Central State Medical Academy of Department for Presidential Affairs of Russian Federation. Address: 121359, Moscow, 19/1a Marshala Timoshenko Str. Tel.: +7 (985) 912-97-57. E-mail: Katerina.g.terekhina@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0003-3313-9984
Natalia A. Batskalevich, PhD, Deputy Chief physician for infectious diseases of City Clinical Hospital No. 40. Address: 620102, Yekaterinburg, 189 Volgogradskaya Str. Tel: +7 (922) 117-07-40. E-mail: nabat66@mail.ru. ORCID: 0000-0001-7594-0994


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