Peculiarities of cardiovascular outcomes in male and female patients after novel coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2022.9.34-42

Glibko K.V., Arakelov S.E., Titova I.Yu., Kasaeva D.A., Larina V.N.

1) N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Moscow; 2) City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow; 3) Medical Institute of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow
Abstract. Currently, the effects of COVID-19 at cardiovascular system condition in young and middle-aged people, depending on gender, are of profound interest.
The aim of the study is to evaluate cardiovascular outcomes in male and female patients after COVID-19 infection.
Material and methods. 658 patients aged 25–59 years and underwent a preventive medical examination were included in open comparative study. Depending on the presence or absence of COVID-19 history in anamnesis, they were divided into the main group (n=416, median age 40 (33; 47) years) and the comparison group (n=242, median age 41 (34; 47) years). The main group included 361 (86,8%) females and 55 (13,2%) males, the comparison group included 197 (81,4%) females and 45 (18,6%) males (p=0,083). Demographic indicators, risk factors, cardiovascular risk (CVR) were assessed. A year later, the abovementioned indicators, incidence of COVID-19 and new cases of arterial hypertension (AH), coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus were re-registered.
Results. After previous COVID-19, arterial hypertension was first diagnosed in 8% (p=0,001) of female and 14,6% (p=0,058) of male patients. A higher incidence in females with overweight (78,1%; p=0,001), hyperglycemia (52%; p=0,001) and moderate cardiovascular risk (61,7%; p=0,008) was fixed. The number of females with high (p=0,037) and very high CVR (p=0,037) increased, and the number of females with low CVR decreased (p=0.001). After previous COVID-19, all male smokers quit smoking (p<0.001), while the number of men with overweight (89%; p=0,001) and very high CVR (25,4%; p=0,002) increased. IHD was diagnosed in 2,8% (p=0,082) of females and 7,2% of males (p=0,126), diabetes mellitus in 3,9% (p=0,012) of females and 5,4% of males (p=0,434) within a median of 3 (2; 4) months after suffering from COVID-19.
Conclusion. Females aged 25 to 59 years old with moderate CV risk, overweight, smoking, 3 or more cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and males of similar age with 3 or more CVD risk factors and smoking who have had COVID-19 infection, should cause medical alertness regarding CVD development.
Keywords: СOVID-19, gender, cardiovascular diseases, risk factors
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About the Autors

Kirill V. Glibko, assistant at the Department of polyclinic therapy of the Faculty of general medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, general practitioner of City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow. Address: 115280, Moscow, 1/1 Velozavodskaya Str. E-mail: glibkokv@zdrav.mos.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-2791. SPIN-code: 1510-7979
Sergei E. Arakelov, Dr. med. habil., head of the Department of family medicine with a course of palliative care of the Faculty of continuing medical education, Medical Institute of Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, chief physician of City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow. Address: 115280, Moscow, 1/1 Velozavodskaya Str. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3911-8543
Irina Yu. Titova, deputy chief physician of the medical unit of City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow. Address: 115280, Moscow, 1/1 Velozavodskaya Str. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-0634
Diana A. Kasaeva, head of the polyclinic of City Clinical Hospital No. 13 of the Department of Healthcare of Moscow. Address: 115280, Moscow, 1/1 Velozavodskaya Str. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1419-9666
Vera N. Larina, Dr. med. habil., professor, head of the Department of polyclinic therapy of the Faculty of general medicine, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 117997, Moscow, 1 Ostrovityanova Str. E-mail: larinav@mail.ru. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-5597


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