Peculiarities of nutrition in pregnant females with different subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2023.9.44-52

Davidenko I.Yu., Sorokina Yu.A., Volkova N.I., Degtyareva Yu.S., Kovalenko V.N., Golubev M.E.

Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia, Rostov-on-Don
Abstract. Identifying the nutritional peculiarities of pregnant females with various subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) may be important for timely verification of diagnosis and selection of therapy.
The aim: to evaluate the nutritional habits of female patients with different GDM subtypes.
Material and methods. The study included 130 pregnant females without a history of carbohydrate metabolism pathology. Research subjects were divided into three groups: group I – 45 pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, group II – 43 pregnant females with GDM and insulin resistance (IR), group III – 42 pregnant females without GDM (control). All patients were questioned to assess the type of the actual diet. A complete clinical examination was carried out, carbohydrate metabolism was assessed according to fasting venous plasma glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose. To assess IR and β-cell function, as well as to verify GDM subtypes, Matsuda index was calculated.
Results. Comparatively with healthy pregnant females, more pregnant females with GDM and IR consume >2 servings of fruits and berries daily (29 (67%) vs. 22 (52%) persons, p=0,03), >2 servings of vegetables (32 (74%) versus 21 (50%), p=0,02), as well as more meat, poultry and eggs (33 (77%) versus 26 (62%), p=0,007). Among pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, comparatively with controls, more female patients consumed >2 servings of vegetables (27 (60%) vs. 21 (50%), p=0,02) and less of them consumed meat, poultry, and eggs (12 (27%) vs. 26 (62%), p=0,001). Patients with GDM and IR, comparatively with pregnant females with GDM and β-cell dysfunction, consume more meat, poultry and eggs daily (33 (77%) vs. 12 (27%), p=0,001), confectionery products (14 (33%) vs. 4 (9%), p=0,04) and less whole grains (6 (14%) vs. 12 (27%), p=0,04).
Conclusion. Obtained results indicate that the diets of pregnant female patients with different subtypes of GDM are largely similar, however, there are some differences in this regard, which may affect the development of these subtypes of GDM and require correction during the treatment of such type of patients.
Keywords: nutrition in case of gestational diabetes mellitus, β-cell dysfunction, subtypes of gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance
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About the Autors

Ilya Yu. Davidenko, PhD in Medical Sciences, associate professor of the Department of internal medicine No. 3, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane. E-mail: Davidenko.iu@gmail.com
Yulia A. Sorokina, PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant at the Department of internal medicine No. 3, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane
Natalya I. Volkova, MD, professor, head of the Department of internal medicine No. 3, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane
Yulia S. Degtyareva, assistant at the Department of internal medicine No. 3, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane
Vasilisa N. Kovalenko, 5th year student of the Faculty of pediatrics, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane
Maxim E. Golubev, 5th year student of the Faculty of pediatrics, Rostov State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Address: 344022, Rostov-on-Don, 29 Nakhichevansky Lane


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