https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2022-5194. EDN: CEFRHM.

2. Billet L., Doaty S., Katz J.D. et al. Review of hyperuricemia as a new marker for metabolic syndrome. ISRN Rheumatol. 2014; 2014: 852954.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/852954. PMID: 24693449. PMCID: PMC3945178.

3. Kabeva Y., Kato K., Atsumi Y. et al. Association of insulin resistance and glycemic control with the risk of kidney stones. Internal Medicine. 2012; 51(7): 699–705.

https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedcine.51.6426. PMID: 22466823.

4. Беспалова И.Д., Калюжин В.В., Медянцев Ю.А. Бессимптомная гиперурикемия как компонент метаболического синдрома. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2012; 11(3): 14–17. (Bespalova I.D., Kalyuzhin V.V., Medyantsev Yu.A. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia as a component of metabolic syndrome. Byulleten’ sibirskoy meditsiny = Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2012; 11(3): 14–17 (In Russ.)). EDN: PAZYPZ.

5. Мадянов И.В. Гиперурикемия и сахарный диабет. РМЖ. Медицинское обозрение. 2019; 1(1): 20–24. (Madyanov I.V. Hyperuricemia and diabetes mellitus. Russkiy meditsisnkiy zhurnal. Meditsinskoye obozreniye = Russian Medical Journal. Medical Review. 2019; 1(1): 20–24 (In Russ.)). EDN: QQODUH.

6. Гусакова Д.А., Калиниченко С.Ю., Камалов А.А., Тишова Ю.А. Роль коррекции гипогонадизма в лечении и профилактике мочекаменной болезни у мужчин с метаболическим синдромом. Проблемы эндокринологии. 2015; 61(2): 12–20. (Gusakova D.A., Kalinichenko S.Yu., Kamalov A.A., Tishova Yu.A. The role of correction of hypogonadism in the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis in man with metabolic syndrome. Problemy endokrinologii = Problems of Endocrinology. 2015; 61(2): 12–20 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.14341/probl201561212-20. EDN: TXOAYJ.

7. Мадянов И.В. Мочевая кислота и сахарный диабет. Промежуточные итоги многолетних исследований. Здравоохранение Чувашии. 2017; (2): 59–64. (Madyanov I.V. Uric acid and diabetes mellitus. Intermediate results of many years research. Zdravoohranenie Chuvashii = Healthcare of Chuvashia. 2017; (2): 59–64 (In Russ.)). EDN: ZCDWEN.

8. Kodama S., Satio K., Yachi Y. et al. Association between serum uric acid and development of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009; 32(9): 1737–42.

https://doi.org/10.2337/dc09-0288. PMID: 19549729. PMCID: PMC2732137.

9. (Abreu E., Fonseca M.J., Santos A.C. Association between hyperuricemia and insulin resistance. Acta Med Port. 2011; 2: 565–74 (In Portuguese)). PMID: 22849948.

10. Амиров Н.Б., Наумова А.Я., Фатыхов Р.Г., Амирова Р.Н. Гиперурикемия: клинические последствия, сердечно-сосудистый риск, современный подход к терапии. Вестник современной клинической медицины. 2022; 15(1): 95–106. (Amirov N.B., Naumova A.Ya., Fatykhov R.G., Amirova R.N. Hyperuricemia: Clinical consequences, cardiovascular risk, modern approach to therapy. Vestnik sovremennoy klinicheskoy meditsiny = The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2022; 15(1): 95–106 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2022.15(1).95-106. EDN: QOEZSO.

11. De Cosmo S., Viazzi F., Pacilli A. et al. Serum uric acid and risk of CKD in type 2 diabetes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015; 10(11): 1921–29.

https://doi.org/10.2215/cjn.03140315. PMID: 26342044. PMCID: PMC4633786.

12. Елисеев М.С. Хроническая болезнь почек: роль гиперурикемии и возможности урат-снижающей терапии. Современная ревматология. 2018; 12(1): 60–65. (Eliseev M.S. Chronic kidney disease: The role of hypouricemia and the possibility of urate-lowering therapy. Sovremennaya revmatologiya = Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2018; 12(1): 60–65 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.14412/1996-7012-2018-1-60-65. EDN: XPUTSP.

13. Pizarro M.H., Santos D.C., Barros B.S.V. et al. Serum uric acid and renal function in patients with patients with type 1 diabetes: A nationwide study of Brasil. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018; 10: 22.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13098-018-0324-7. PMID: 29568334. PMCID: PMC5859721.

14. Klisic A., Kocic G., Kavaric N. et al. Xanthine oxidase and uric acid as independent predictors of albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Exp Med. 2018; 18(2): 283–90.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-017-0483-0. PMID: 29214397.

15. Ueno N. Urate-Lowering therapy ameliorates kidney function in type 2 diabetes patients with hyperuricemia. J Clin Med Res. 2017; 9(12): 1007–12.

https://doi.org/10.14740/jocmr3219w. PMID: 29163735. PMCID: PMC5687906.

16. Блинова Н.В., Чазова И.Е. Гиперурикемия и артериальная гипертония: взаимосвязи и риски. Лечебное дело. 2021; (1): 45–51. (Blinova N.V., Chazova I.E. Hyperuricemia and arterial hypertension: Relationships and risks. Lechebnoe delo = General Medicine. 2021; (1): 45–51 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.24412/2071-5315-2021-12290. EDN: OAYZDW.

17. Badve S.V., Pascoe E.M., Tiku A. et al. Effects of allopurinol on the progression of chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(26): 2504–13.

https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1915833. PMID: 32579811.

18. Su X., Xu B., Yan B. et al. Effects of uric acid-lowering therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017; 12(11): e0187550.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187550. PMID: 29095953. PMCID: PMC5667873.

19. Цурко В.В., Громова М.А. Оптимальная уратснижающая терапия у пациентов с подагрой – современная трактовка проблемы. РМЖ. 2021; 29(7): 50–54. (Tsurko V.V., Gromova M.A. Optimal urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout – a modern interpretation of the problem. Rossiyskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal = Russian Medical Journal. 2021; 29(7): 50–54 (In Russ.)). EDN: AWTHGB.

20. Чазова И.Е., Шестакова М.В., Жернакова Ю.В. с соавт. Российское медицинское общество по артериальной гипертонии. Рекомендации по ведению больных артериальной гипертонией с метаболическими нарушениями и сахарным диабетом 2-го типа. Системные гипертензии. 2020; 17(1): 7–45. (Chazova I.E., Shestakova M.V., Zhernakova Yu.V. et al. Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension. Recommendations for the management of patients with arterial hypertension with metabolic disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sistemnye gipertenzii = Systemic Hypertension. 2020; 17(1): 7–45 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.26442/2075082X.2020.1.200051. EDN: PHZMXW.

21. Драпкина О.М., Мазуров В.И., Мартынов А.И. с соавт. «В фокусе гиперурикемия». Резолюция совета экспертов. Кардиоваскулярная терапия и профилактика. 2023; 22(4): 77–84. (Drapkina O.M., Mazurov V.I., Martynov A.I. et al. “Focus on hyperuricemia”. Resolution of the Council of Experts. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profilaktika = Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023; 22(4): 77–84 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3564. EDN: KRCKAU.

22. Borghi C., Tykarski A., Widecka K. et al. Expert consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of patient with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk. Cardiol J. 2018; 25(5): 545–63.

https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.2018.0116. PMID: 30394510.

23. Чазова И.Е., Жернакова Ю.В., Кисляк О.А. с соавт. Консенсус по ведению пациентов с гиперурикемией и высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском. Системные гипертензии. 2019; 16(4): 8–21. (Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Yu.V., Kislyak O.A. et al. Consensus on the management of patients with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk. Sistemnye gipertenzii = Systemic Hypertension. 2019; 16(4): 8–21 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.26442/2075082X.2019.4.190686. EDN: HSKPCZ.

24. Massulli M., D’Elia L., Angeli F. et al. Serum uric acid levels threshold for mortality in diabetic individuals: The Uric acid Right for heart Health (URRAH) project. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2022; 32(5): 1245–52.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2022.01.028. PMID: 35282979.

25. Hyndman D., Liu S., Miner J.N. Urate handling in the human body. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2016; 18(6): 34.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-016-0587-7. PMID: 27105641. PMCID: PMC4841844.

26. Dong M., Chen H., Wen S. et al. The mechanism of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in reducing uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023; 16: 437–45.

https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S399343. PMID: 36820272. PMCID: PMC9938669.

27. Kim G.-H., Jun J.-B. Altered serum uric acid levels in kidney disorders. Life (Basel). 2022; 12(11): 1891.

https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111891. PMID: 36431026. PMCID: PMC9692609.

28. Hadayat M.F., Syafril S., Lindarto D. Elevated uric acid level decreases glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Universa Medicina. 2014; 33(3): 199–204.

https://doi.org/10.18051/UnivMed.2014.v33.199-204.

29. Bailey C.J., Gross J.L., Pieters A. et al. Effect of dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycaemic control with metformin: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010; 375(9733): 2223–33.

https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(10)60407-2. PMID: 20609968.

30. Roden M., Merker L., Christiansen A.V. et al. Safety, tolerability and effects on cardiometabolic risk factors of empagliflozin monotherapy in drug-native patients with type 2 diabetes: A double-blind extension of a Phase III randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2015; 14: 154.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-015-0314-0. PMID: 26701110. PMCID: PMC4690334.

31. Davies M.J., Trujillo A., Vijapurkar U. et al. Effect of canagliflozin on serum uric acid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Obes Metab. 2015; 17(4): 426–29.

https://doi.org/10.1111/dom/12439. PMID: 25600248. PMCID: PMC5054919.

32. Паневин Т.С., Елисеев М.С., Шестакова М.В., Насонов Е.Л. Преимущества терапии ингибиторами натрий-глюкозного ко-транспортера 20-го типа у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2-го типа в сочетании с гиперурикемией и подагрой. Терапевтический архив. 2020; 92(5): 110–118. (Panevin T.S., Eliseev M.S., Shestakova M.V., Nasonov E.L. Benefits of therapy with sodium glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv = Therapeutic Archive. 2020; 92(5): 110–118 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2020.05.000633. EDN: ZOAIPJ.

33. Xin Y., Guo Y., Li Y. et al. Effects of sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on serum uric acid in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review with an indirect comparison meta-analysis. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019; 26(2): 421–26.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.11.013. PMID: 31485187. PMCID: PMC6717127.

34. Zhao Y., Xu L., Tian D. et al. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on serum uric acid level: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabet Obes Metab. 2017; 20(2): 458–62.

https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.13101. PMID: 28846182.

35. Сабиров И.С., Муркамилов И.Т., Фомин В.В. с соавт. Ингибиторы НГЛТ-2 при хронической болезни почек: современное состояние проблемы. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2022; 31(3): 53–59. (Sabirov I.S., Murkamilov I.T., Fomin V.V. et al. SGLT-2 inhibitors in chronic kidney disease: current state of problem. Klinicheskaya farmakologiya i terapiya = Clinical Pharmacology and Therapy. 2022; 31(3): 53–59 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.32756/0869-5490-2022-3-53-58. EDN: LTIAET.

36. Паневин Т.С, Желябина О.В., Елисеев М.С., Шестакова М.В. Уратснижающие эффекты ингибиторов дипептидилпептидазы-4. Сахарный диабет. 2020; 23(4): 349–356. (Panevin T.S., Zhelyabina O.V., Eliseev M.S., Shestakova M.V. Urate-lowering effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors. Sakharnyy diabet = Diabetes Mellitus. 2020; 23(4): 349–56 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.14341/DM12412. EDN: BUZMNY.

37. Tomovich K., Cocic G., Smelcerovich A. Potential dual mechanism of hypouricemic activity of DPP-4 inhibitors with purine-based scaffold. Acta Medica Medianae. 2019; 58(1): 50–63.

https://doi.org/10.5633/amm.2019.0109.

38. Yamagishi S., Ishibashi Y., Ojima A. et al. Linagliptin, a xantihine-based dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, decreases serum uric acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients partly by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity. Int J Cardiol. 2014; 176(2): 550–52.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.023. PMID: 25065332.

39. Zhou J., Liu X., Hou-In Chou O. et al. Lower risk of gout in sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors in type 2 diabetes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023; 62(4): 1501–10.

https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keac509. PMID: 36066415.

40. Sakalli А.A., Küçükerdem H.S., Aygün O. What is the relationship between serum uric acid level and insulin resistance?: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023; 102(52): e36732.

https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000036732. PMID: 38206747. PMCID: PMC10754590.

41. Niu S.-W., Chang K.-T., Lin H.Y.-H. et al. Decreased incidence of gout in diabetic patients using pioglitazone. Rheumatology. 2018; 57(1): 92–99.

https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kex363. PMID: 29040733.

42. James R., Paul B.J. New and emerging therapies in gout. Rheumatol Autoimmun. 2023; 3(2): 70–77.

https://doi.org/10.1002/rai2.12064.

43. Yuan Q., Cheng Y., Sheng R. et al. A brief review of natural products with urate transporter 1 inhibition for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2022; 2022: 5419890.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5419890. PMID: 36337587. PMCID: PMC9635963.

44. Cameron M.A., Maalouf N.M., Adams-Huet B. et al. Urine composition in type 2 diabetes: Predisposition to uric acid nephrolithiasis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 17(5): 1422–28.

https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2005121246. PMID: 16597681.

45. Domingos F., Serra A. Metabolic syndrome: A multifaceted risk factor for kidney stones. Scand J Urol. 2014; 48(5): 414–19.

https://doi.org/10.3109/21681805.2014.903513. PMID: 24708398.

46. Haymann J.-P. Metabolic disorders: Stones as firs clinical manifestation of significant diseases. World J Urol. 2015; 33(2): 187–92.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-014-1391-5. PMID: 25189457.

47. Малхасян В.А., Семенякин И.В., Иванов В.Ю., Попова А.С. Консервативная терапия уратного литиаза. Медицинский совет. 2015; (4): 92–95. (Malkhasyan V.A., Semenyakin I.V., Ivanov V.Yu., Popova A.S. Conservative therapy of urate lithiasis. Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council. 2015; (4): 92–95 (In Russ.)). EDN: TPPUDR.

48. Головач И.Ю., Егудина Е.Д. Менеджмент пациентов с бессимптомной гиперурикемией – лечить или не лечить? Семейная медицина. 2019; (5–6): 23–35. (Golovach I.Yu., Egudina E.D. Management of patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia – treat or not? Semeynaya meditsina = Journal of Family Medicine. 2019; (5–6): 23–35 (In Russ.)).

https://doi.org/10.30841/2307-5112.5-6.2019.193365. EDN: PWPWUP.

49. Перфильев В.Ю., Зверев Я.Ф., Жариков А.Ю. с соавт. Опыт применения пиоглитазона для профилактики и лечения экспериментального уратного нефролитиаза. Нефрология. 2017; 21(1): 52–56. (Perfiliev V.Yu., Zverev Ya.F., Zharikov A.Yu. et al. Experience in use of pioglitazone for the prevention and treatment of experimental urate nephrolithiasis. Nefrologiya = Nephrology. 2017; 21(1): 52–56 (In Russ.)). EDN: XVGWVB.

50. Maalouf N.M., Poindexter J.R., Adams-Huet B. et al. Increased production and reduced urinary buffering of acid in uric acid stone formers is ameliorated by pioglitazone. Kidney Int. 2019; 95(5): 1262–68.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.024. PMID: 30795852. PMCID: PMC6478507.