English
Острая сердечная недостаточность – критический обзор и адаптация рекомендаций для врачей-терапевтов Европейской федерации внутренней медицины
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/therapy.2024.4.8-25
В.А. Кокорин, А. Гонсалес-Франко, А. Читтадини, О. Калейс, В.Н. Ларина, А.М. Марра, Ф.Х. Медрано, З. Монхарт, Л. Морбидони, Ж. Пимента, В. Лесняк
1) ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, г. Москва, Россия; 2) ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы», г. Москва, Россия; 3) Центральный госпиталь университета Астурии, г. Овьедо, Испания; 4) Университетская больница и медицинский факультет «Федерико II», г. Неаполь, Италия; 5) Рижский университет им. Страдиня, Латвийский кардиологический центр, Клинический университетский госпиталь им. П. Страдиня, г. Рига, Латвия; 6) Клиника грудной патологии при университетском госпитале Гейдельберга, г. Гейдельберг, Германия; 7) Институт биомедицины Севильи (Университетская больница Вирхен дель Росио, Университет Севильи), г. Севилья, Испания; 8) Центр биомедицинских исследований в эпидемиологии и общественном здравоохранении Университета Севильи, г. Севилья, Испания; 9) Госпиталь Зноймо, г. Зноймо, Чешская Республика; 10) Университет Масарика, г. Брно, Чешская Республика; 11) Госпиталь принца Пьемонтского, г. Сенигаллия, Италия; 12) Больничный центр Вила-Нова-де-Гайя/Эшпиньо, г. Вила-Нова-де-Гайя, Португалия; 13) Университет Порту, г. Порту, Португалия; 14) Польский институт доказательной медицины, г. Краков, Польша
Методы. Процедура адаптации заключалась в выявлении нерешенных ключевых клинических вопросов со структурой PICO (популяция, вмешательство, сравнение и исходы) в ведении пациентов с ОСН, с последующей критической оценкой существующих КР и выбором рекомендаций, наиболее применимых к этим специфическим и сложным сценариям.
Результаты. Были идентифицированы 7 ключевых вопросов (PICO) и проведен анализ КР. Не существует единственного метода, позволяющего клиницистам дифференцировать причину острой одышки, застойных явлений или гипоксемии. С этой целью рекомендованы проведение эхокардиографии и оценка уровня натрийуретического пептида, а также может быть рассмотрено проведение рентгенографии органов грудной клетки и ультразвукового исследования легких. Стратегии лечения пациентов с артериальной гипотензией и низким сердечным выбросом включают кратковременную непрерывную внутривенную инотропную поддержку, назначение вазопрессоров, заместительную почечную терапию и временную механическую поддержку кровообращения. Приведены наиболее современные рекомендации по лечению пациентов с ОСН и некоторыми сопутствующими заболеваниями, а также по снижению риска смерти и повторной госпитализации после выписки из стационара. Всего представлена 51 рекомендация с обоснованиями и комментариями.
Заключение. Благодаря использованию надлежащей методологии процесса адаптации этот документ предлагает простые и современные рекомендации для практикующих врачей, занимающихся ведением пациентов с ОСН.
Литература
1. Groenewegen A., Rutten F.H., Mosterd A., Hoes A.W. Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020; 22(8): 1342–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1858. PMID: 32483830. PMCID: PMC7540043. 2. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence And Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018; 392(10159): 1789–858. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7. PMID: 30496104. PMCID: PMC6227754. 3. Dharmarajan K., Rich M.W. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prognosis of heart failure in older adults. Heart Fail Clin. 2017; 13(3): 417–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2017.02.001. PMID: 28602363. 4. Meyer S., Brouwers F.P., Voors A.A. et al. Sex differences in new-onset heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol. 2015; 104(4): 342–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-014-0788-x. PMID: 25398254. 5. McDonagh T., Metra M., Adamo M. et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021; 42(36): 3599–726. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368. PMID: 34447992. 6. Gerber Y., Weston S.A., Redfield M.M. et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015; 175(6): 996–1004. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924. PMID: 25895156. PMCID: PMC4451405. 7. Tsao C.W., Lyass A., Enserro D. et al. Temporal trends in the incidence of and mortality associated with heart failure with preserved and reduced ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 2018; 6(8): 678–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.03.006. PMID: 30007560. PMCID: PMC6076350. 8. Kurmani S., Squire I. Acute heart failure: Definition, classification and epidemiology. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017; 14(5): 385–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11897-017-0351-y. PMID: 28785969. PMCID: PMC5597697. 9. Braunschweig F., Cowie M.R., Auricchio A. What are the costs of heart failure? Europace. 2011; 13 Suppl 2: ii13–17. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eur081. PMID: 21518742. 10. Lesniak W., Morbidoni L., Dicker D., Marín-Leon I.; EFIM. Clinical practice guidelines adaptation for internists – An EFIM methodology. Eur J Intern Med. 2020; 77: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2020.05.016. PMID: 32482600. 11. AGREE. Advancing the science of practice guidelines. Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II. The AGREE Next Steps Consortium. UPDATE: December 2017. URL: https://www.agreetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/AGREE-II-Users-Manual-and-23-item-Instrument-2009-Update-2017.pdf (date of access – 26.04.2024). 12. Yancy C., Jessup M., Bozkurt B. et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017; 70(6): 776–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.04.025. PMID: 28461007. 13. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Chronic heart failure in adults: Diagnosis and management. NICE guideline (NG106). 12 September 2018. URL: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng106 (date of access – 26.04.2024). 14. Shoemaker M.J., Dias K.J., Lefebvre K.M. et al. Physical therapist clinical practice guideline for the management of individuals with heart failure. Phys Ther. 2020; 100(1): 14–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz127. PMID: 31972027. 15. McDonald M., Virani S., Chan M. et al. CCS/CHFS heart failure guidelines update: Defining a new pharmacologic standard of care for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Can J Cardiol. 2021; 37(4): 531–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2021.01.017. PMID: 33827756. 16. Qaseem A., Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I., Mustafa R.A. et al. Appropriate use of point-of-care ultrasonography in patients with acute dyspnea in emergency department or inpatient settings: A clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2021; 174(7): 985–93. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-7844. PMID: 33900792. 17. Writing Committee Members; ACC/AHA Joint Committee Members. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure. J Card Fail. 2022; 28(5): e1–e167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2022.02.010. PMID: 35378257. 18. McDonagh T.A., Metra M., Adamo M. et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2023; 44(37): 3627–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad195. PMID: 37622666. 19. Januzzi J.L., van Kimmenade R., Lainchbury J. et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: The International Collaborative of NT-proBNP study. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27(3): 330–37. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehi631. PMID: 16293638. 20. Januzzi J.L. Jr., Chen-Tournoux A.A., Christenson R.H. et al.; ICON-RELOADED Investigators. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in the emergency department: The ICON-RELOADED study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018; 71(11): 1191–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.021. PMID: 29544601. 21. Maisel A., Mueller C., Nowak R. et al. Mid-region pro-hormone markers for diagnosis and prognosis in acute dyspnea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55(19): 2062–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.025. PMID: 20447528. 22. Mueller C., McDonald K., de Boer R.A. et al.; Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology practical guidance on the use of natriuretic peptide concentrations. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019; 21(6): 715–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1494. PMID: 31222929. 23. Bettencourt P., Azevedo A., Pimenta J. et al. N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide predicts outcome after hospital discharge in heart failure patients. Circulation. 2004; 110(15): 2168–74. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000144310.04433.BE. PMID: 15451800. 24. Cheng V., Kazanagra R., Garcia A. et al. A rapid bedside test for B-type peptide predicts treatment outcomes in patients admitted for decompensated heart failure: A pilot study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 37(2): 386–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01157-8. PMID: 11216951. 25. Fonarow G.C., Peacock W.F., Phillips C.O. et al.; ADHERE Scientific Advisory Committee and Investigators. Admission B-type natriuretic peptide levels and in-hospital mortality in acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 49(19): 1943–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2007.02.037. PMID: 17498579. 26. Harjola V.P., Parissis J., Bauersachs J. et al. Acute coronary syndromes and acute heart failure: A diagnostic dilemma and high-risk combination. A statement from the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020; 22(8): 1298–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1831. PMID: 32347648. 27. Ahmad T., Fiuzat M., Neely B. et al. Biomarkers of myocardial stress and fibrosis as predictors of mode of death in patients with chronic heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2014; 2(3): 260–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2013.12.004. PMID: 24952693. PMCID: PMC4224312. 28. Sabatine M.S., Morrow D.A., de Lemos J.A. et al. Evaluation of multiple biomarkers of cardiovascular stress for risk prediction and guiding medical therapy in patients with stable coronary disease. Circulation. 2012; 125(2): 233–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.063842. PMID: 22179538. PMCID: PMC3277287. 29. Schrage B., Dabboura S., Yan I. et al. Application of the SCAI classification in a cohort of patients with cardiogenic shock. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020; 96(3): E213–E219. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28707. PMID: 31925996. 30. Baran D.A., Grines C.L., Bailey S. et al. SCAI clinical expert consensus statement on the classification of cardiogenic shock. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2019; 94(1): 29–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28329. PMID: 31104355. 31. Ambrosy A.P., Pang P., Khan S. et al.; EVEREST Trial Investigators. Clinical course and predictive value of congestion during hospitalization in patients admitted for worsening signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: Findings from the EVEREST trial. Eur Heart J. 2013; 34(11): 835–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehs444. PMID: 23293303. 32. Argaiz E.R. VExUS nexus: Bedside assessment of venous congestion. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2021; 28(3): 252–61. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2021.03.004. PMID: 34906310. 33. Nunez J., de la Espriella R., Minana G. et al. Antigen carbohydrate 125 as a biomarker in heart failure: A narrative review. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021; 23(9): 1445–57. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.2295. PMID: 34241936. 34. Platz E., Jhund P.S., Girerd N. et al.; Study Group on Acute Heart Failure of the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association and the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Expert consensus document: Reporting checklist for quantification of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019; 21(7): 844–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1499. PMID: 31218825. 35. Gray A., Goodacre S., Newby D.E. et al.; 3CPO Trialists. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(2): 142–51. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0707992. PMID: 18614781. 36. Weng C.L., Zhao Y.T., Liu Q.H. et al. Meta-analysis: Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med. 2010; 152(9): 590–600. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00009. PMID: 20439577. 37. Felker G.M., Lee K.L., Bull D.A. et al.; NHLBI Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. Diuretic strategies in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(9): 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1005419. PMID: 21366472. PMCID: PMC3412356. 38. Mullens W., Damman K., Harjola V.P. et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion – A position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019; 21(2): 137–55. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1369. PMID: 30600580. 39. Mebazaa A., Yilmaz M.B., Levy P. et al. Recommendations on pre-hospital & early hospital management of acute heart failure: a consensus paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the European Society of Emergency Medicine and the Society of Academic Emergency Medicine. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015; 17(6): 544–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.289. PMID: 25999021. 40. Damman K., Ter Maaten J.M., Coster J.E. et al. Clinical importance of urinary sodium excretion in acute heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020; 22(8): 1438–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1753. PMID: 32086996. PMCID: PMC7540361. 41. Trullas J.C., Morales-Rull J.L., Casado J. et al.; CLOROTIC trial investigators. Combining loop with thiazide diuretics for decompensated heart failure: The CLOROTIC trial. Eur Heart J. 2023; 44(5): 411–21. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac689. PMID: 36423214. 42. Mullens W., Dauw J., Martens P. et al.; ADVOR Study Group. Acetazolamide in acute decompensated heart failure with volume overload. N Engl J Med. 2022; 387(13): 1185–95. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2203094. PMID: 36027559. 43. Kozuharov N., Goudev A., Flores D. et al. Effect of a strategy of comprehensive vasodilation vs usual care on mortality and heart failure rehospitalization among patients with acute heart failure: The GALACTIC randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019; 322(23): 2292–302. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.18598. PMID: 31846016. PMCID: PMC6990838. 44. Freund Y., Cachanado M., Delannoy Q. et al. Effect of an emergency department care bundle on 30-day hospital discharge and survival among elderly patients with acute heart failure: The ELISABETH randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020; 324(19): 1948–56. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.19378. PMID: 33201202. PMCID: PMC7672513. 45. Faselis C., Arundel C., Patel S. et al. Loop diuretic prescription and 30-day outcomes in older patients with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(6): 669–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.022. PMID: 32762901 PMCID: PMC9067440. 46. Velazquez E.J., Morrow D.A., DeVore A.D. et al.; PIONEER-HF Investigators. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition in acute decompensated heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(6): 539–48. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1812851. PMID: 30415601. 47. Gattis W.A., O’Connor C.M. Predischarge initiation of carvedilol in patients hospitalized for decompensated heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2004; 93(9A): 74B–76B. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.01.019. PMID: 15144943. 48. Zannad F., McMurray J.J., Krum H. et al.; EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(1): 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1009492. PMID: 21073363. 49. Vardeny O., Vaduganathan M. Practical guide to prescribing sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for cardiologists. J Am Coll Cardiol HF. 2019; 7(2): 169–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2018.11.013. PMID: 30704605. 50. Mebazaa A., Davison B., Chioncel O. et al. Safety, tolerability and efficacy of up-titration of guideline-directed medical therapies for acute heart failure (STRONG-HF): A multinational, open-label, randomised, trial. Lancet. 2022; 400(10367): 1938–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02076-1. PMID: 36356631. 51. Takeda A., Martin N., Taylor R.S., Taylor S.J. Disease management interventions for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 1(1): CD002752. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002752.pub4. PMID: 30620776. PMCID: PMC6492456. 52. Fonarow G.C., Abraham W.T., Albert N.M. et al.; OPTIMIZE-HF Investigators and Coordinators. Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure: Findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF program. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52(3): 190–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.03.048. PMID: 18617067. 53. Gilstrap L.G., Fonarow G.C., Desai A.S. et al. Initiation, continuation, or withdrawal of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(2): e004675. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.116.004675. PMID: 28189999. PMCID: PMC5523765. 54. Maisel A., Xue Y., van Veldhuisen D.J. et al. Effect of spironolactone on 30-day death and heart failure rehospitalization (from the COACH Study). Am J Cardiol. 2014; 114(5): 737–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.05.062. PMID: 25129066. 55. Tran R.H., Aldemerdash A., Chang P. et al. Guideline-directed medical therapy and survival following hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Pharmacotherapy. 2018; 38(4): 406–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.2091. PMID: 29423950. PMCID: PMC5902433. 56. Mebazaa A., Nieminen M.S., Filippatos G.S. et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009; 11(3): 304–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfn045. PMID: 19158152. PMCID: PMC2645051. 57. Metra M., Nodari S., D’Aloia A. et al. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: A randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002; 40(7): 1248–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02134-4. PMID: 12383572. 58. Packer M., Colucci W., Fisher L. et al.; REVIVE Heart Failure Study Group. Effect of levosimendan on the short-term clinical course of patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013; 1(2): 103–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2012.12.004. PMID: 24621834. 59. De Backer D., Biston P., Devriendt J. et al.; SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(9): 779–89. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0907118. PMID: 20200382. 60. Lago R.M., Singh P.P., Nesto R.W. Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Lancet. 2007; 370(9593): 1129–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61514-1. PMID: 17905165. 61. Anand I.S., Rector T.S., Kuskowski M. et al. Effect of baseline and changes in systolic blood pressure over time on the effectiveness of valsartan in the Valsartan Heart Failure Trial. Circ Heart Fail. 2008; 1(1): 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.107.736975. PMID: 19808268. 62. Filippatos G., Ponikowski P., Farmakis D. et al. Association between hemoglobin levels and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with acute heart failure and iron deficiency: An AFFIRM-AHF subgroup analysis. Circulation. 2023; 147(22): 1640–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060757. PMID: 37051919. PMCID: PMC10487376. 63. Lewis G.D., Malhotra R., Hernandez A.F. et al.; NHLBI Heart Failure Clinical Research Network. Effect of oral iron repletion on exercise capacity in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and iron deficiency: The IRONOUT HF randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017; 317(19): 1958–66. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.5427. PMID: 28510680. PMCID: PMC5703044. 64. Swedberg K., Young J.B., Anand I.S. et al.; RED-HF Committees; RED-HF Investigators. Treatment of anemia with darbepoetin alfa in systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368(13): 1210–9. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1214865. PMID: 23473338. 65. McMurray J.J.V., Solomon S.D., Inzucchi S.E. et al.; DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(21): 1995–2008. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1911303. PMID: 31535829. 66. Packer M., Anker S.D., Butler J. et al.; EMPEROR-Reduced Trial Investigators. Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(15): 1413–24. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022190. PMID: 32865377. 67. Zannad F., Ferreira J.P., Pocock S.J. et al. SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: A meta-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced and DAPA-HF trials. Lancet. 2020; 396(10254): 819–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31824-9. PMID: 32877652. 68. Anker S.D., Butler J., Filippatos G. et al.; EMPEROR-Preserved Trial Investigators. Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(16): 1451–61. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107038. PMID: 34449189. 69. Packer M., Claggett B., Lefkowitz M.P. et al. Effect of neprilysin inhibition on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure who are receiving target doses of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system: A secondary analysis of the PARADIGM-HF trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018; 6(7): 547–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30100-1. PMID: 29661699. 70. Mc Causland F.R., Lefkowitz M.P., Claggett B. et al. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition and renal outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation. 2020; 142(13): 1236–45. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047643. PMID: 32845715. 71. Armstrong P.W., Pieske B., Anstrom K.J. et al.; VICTORIA Study Group. Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(2): 1883–93. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1915928. PMID: 32222134. 72. Pitt B., Anker S.D., Bushinsky D.A. et al. PEARL-HF Investigators. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial. Eur Heart J. 2011; 32(7): 820–28. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehq502. PMID: 26011677. PMCID: PMC5033065. 73. Anker S.D., Kosiborod M., Zannad F. et al. Maintenance of serum potassium with sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) in heart failure patients: Results from a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2015; 17(10): 1050–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.300. PMID: 26011677. PMCID: PMC5033065. 74. Butler J., Anker S.D., Lund L.H. et al. Patiromer for the management of hyperkalemia in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The DIAMOND trial. Eur Heart J. 2022; 43(41): 4362–73. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac401. PMID: 35900838. PMCID: PMC9622299. 75. Felker G.M., Ellison D.H., Mullens W. et al. Diuretic therapy for patients with heart failure: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75(10): 1178–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.059. PMID: 32164892. 76. Agarwal R., Sinha A.D. Thiazide diuretics in advanced chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2012; 6(5): 299–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2012.07.004. PMID: 22951101. 77. Hofmann R., Steinwender C., Kammler J. et al. Effects of a high dose intravenous bolus amiodarone in patients with atrial fibrillation and a rapid ventricular rate. Int J Cardiol. 2006; 110(1): 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.06.048. PMID: 16046015. 78. Chioncel O., Mebazaa A., Maggioni A.P. et al.; ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry Investigators. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status-impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019; 21(11): 1338–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1492. PMID: 31127678. 79. Kitzman D.W., Whellan D.J., Duncan P. et al. Physical rehabilitation for older patients hospitalized for heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2021; 385(3): 203–16. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2026141. PMID: 33999544. PMCID: PMC8353658. 80. Prins K.W., Neill J.M., Tyler J.O. et al. Effects of beta-blocker withdrawal in acute decompensated heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol HF. 2015; 3(8): 647–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2015.03.008. PMID: 26251094. PMCID: PMC4777602. 81. Sanam K., Bhatia V., Bajaj N.S. et al. Renin-angiotensin system inhibition and lower 30-day all-cause readmission in Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure. Am J Med. 2016; 129(10): 1067–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.05.008. PMID: 27262781 PMCID: PMC5039055. 82. Wachter R., Senni M., Belohlavek J. et al.; TRANSITION Investigators. Initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in haemodynamically stabilised heart failure patients in hospital or early after discharge: Primary results of the randomised TRANSITION study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019; 21(8): 998–1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.1498. PMID: 31134724. 83. Becattini C., Kokorin V.A., Lesniak W. et al. Pulmonary embolism – An EFIM guideline critical appraisal and adaptation for practicing clinicians. Eur J Intern Med. 2022; 96: 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2021.12.001. PMID: 34903446. 84. Er A.G., Alonso A.A.R., Marin-Leon I. et al. Community-acquired pneumonia – An EFIM guideline critical appraisal adaptation for internists. Eur J Intern Med. 2022; 106: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2022.10.009. PMID: 36272872.
Похожие статьи
